All perfect praise be to Allaah, The Lord of the Worlds. I testify that there is none worthy of worship except Allaah, and that Muhammad is His slave and Messenger.
The narration that you mentioned in the question is not reported in the books of Sunnah and it is obvious that it is fabricated. In principle, Allaah rewards for good deeds and punishes for sins – if He does not forgive them – and so, Allaah does not reject the fasting of a person just because the latter did not ask for forgiveness from his wife or from the other Muslims. Indeed, Allaah Says (what means): {But he who works deeds of righteousness, and has faith, will have no fear of harm nor of any curtailment (of what is his due).}[Quran 20:112] Allaah also Says (what means): {…, and Allaah is with you and will never deprive you of [the reward of] your deeds.}[Quran 47:35] This verse means that Allaah will reward His slaves for their deeds and He will not decrease anything from them, as interpreted by Ibn Katheer .
Therefore, the narration which you mentioned in the question is a lie on the Prophet and on Jibreel .
Allaah Knows best.