Changed his birth name from that of his parents
11-7-2005 | IslamWeb
Question:
I am almost 15. My birthparents were drug and alcohol users, also adulterers and fornicators. They threw me out when I was 10. I was sent to live with a family in another state. They were really great people and I became a Muslim. I was legally adopted by them by the next year and the judge asked if I wanted to change my name, so I picked Waa'il. He also gave me the last name of my new adoptive parents. About a year ago someone told me I was not supposed to legally change my last name, but the courts took away the rights of my birthparents and gave me a new birth certificate with my new adoptive parents name written as my real parents. My new adoptive parents were Muslim so I was very happy about that. Is this okay in Islam? I don't want to go back to my birthparents last name because they have such horrible reputations and Insha' Allaah I will never have to see them again but I want to do it the right way and my new parents said we would do whatever we find out is Islamicly correct. They aren't sure because my name was changed by the courts so my birthparents could not harm me again. By having my new name I am protected from them but if it is wrong in Islam then we will fix it. My original birth family does not like Muslims. I would like to keep my new adoptive dad's last name because they are Muslim and have taken care of me and I love them very much. Please tell us what is the right action to take.
Answer:
All perfect praise be to Allaah, The Lord of the Worlds. I testify that there is none worthy of worship except Allaah, and that Muhammad 
is His slave and Messenger.
First of all, we supplicate Allaah to reward you with the best for embracing Islam, help you and us to remain steadfast on the truth, and increase your aspiration to do good and learn the rulings of the Sharee'ah (Islamic jurisprudence).
The matter is as you were told that adoption is prohibited in Islam since it leads to the mixing of lineages and losing the rights, like inheritance and the like. Allaah Says (what means): {And He has not made your claimed [i.e. adopted] sons your [true] sons. That is [merely] your saying by your mouths, but Allaah says the truth, and He guides to the [right] way. Call them by [the names of] their fathers; it is more just in the sight of Allaah} [Quran 33:4-5]
Even if an adoption has happened, it is compulsory to re-establish the true lineage if it is possible. However, if you fear harm by being traced back to your true lineage, then you may adopt a common ascription such as, the son of 'Abdullaah or the son of 'Abdur-Rahmaan which does not indicate tracing back to a specific family. Salmaan Al Faarisi 
who was a companion of the Prophet used to say: "Islam is my father, I do not have any father except Islam." Thereupon he was called 'The son of Islam'.
It should be said that the religious rights of the parents such as being kind and dutiful to them, and taking care of them, do not cease, in any case, even if they are non-Muslims.
Finally, we advise you to befriend pious people and attend religious gatherings held in Islamic Centers. We also advise you to benefit from useful Islamic sites.
Allaah Knows best.